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Plague crosses (Brugherio)
There are three plague crosses in Brugherio, in the province of Monza and Brianza in Lombardy, in northern Italy. They were erected after the plague that struck Monza and its surrounding area in 1576.〔 The crosses are three that remain of four that marked where there were four altars used to celebrate religious services during the plague.〔 The plague of 1576 was in fact called "the plague of Saint Charles", given the Bishop's closeness to those affected.〔 Information about the plague can be found in the Bishop of Milan, Saint Charles Borromeo's notes.
== Background – Saint Charles's plague ==
The plague that struck Milan and other nearby towns in Lombardy during 1575–1576 is now known as "the plague of Saint Charles". It was so named by Alessandro Manzoni in ''The Betrothed'', to distinguish it from the plague of 1630, which is described in the novel. The plague probably came from the Turks living in Hungary and from there, through trade with Germany, it spread along the Danube, Switzerland, Trento, and down to Verona and Venice. The epidemic reached Melegnano 27 July 1576, on August 4 hit Monza and then Milan.
In less than two months 6,000 people had died. The Archbishop of Milan Charles Borromeo, unlike the civil authorities and notables, did not abandon the city.〔 The Archbishop closed all the churches and he built altars outside them, to give the opportunity to the faithful to attend mass even from their homes. He introduced the "Practice of forty hours" that consisted of the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament that was exposed in the entrance for forty hours outside. He asked for volunteers to help the population. Borromeo donated a lot of his clothes and church tapestries to the people in need and he organized processions to console the people infected. One of these processions, on 6 October 1576, is called "procession of the Holy Nail" because it featured a nail said to be from Jesus's Cross.
The Archbishop lived only a few years longer, and, when he died on 2 November 1584, he was declared locally to be a Saint. This decision was ratified by Pope Paul V who recognised him as a saint in 1610 with a feast day of November 4. As a result his name was given to the plague that he had helped to mitigate. It turned out that this was the middle of three plagues. The earlier plague of 1524 was called the "plague of Charles V", this plague of 1576 was called the "Plague of St Charles" and the later longer 1629–31 plague was called the "plague of Manzoni".〔(From Ludovico the Moro to the Spanish ), Guide to Milan, Retrieved 23 October 2015〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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